mdd:
There are two different types of evolution: Microevolution and Macroevolution.
Microevolution is the evolution of small traits WITHIN a given species, such as mentioned by charliehall (hemoglobin production in Tibetan monks). This is an observable phenomenon and is also documented in the Gemorah in Shabbos 31a.
Macroevolution is the evolution of one species into an entirely different species. This has never been observed.
I think though, that the Torah makes it pretty clear that (macro)evolution is not a compatible belief with Torah. Bereishis 1:27 uses “bri’ah” which is creation from something not formerly there as opposed to “ye’tzirah”, which is formation of something from something else. (Such as in the famous “yotzer or u’varah choshech” because light was formed from Hashem’s light while darkness which is antithetical to Hashem had to be comepletly created.) So too, if we evolved from apes it seems to me that “yetzirah” would have been a better option.
As opposed to this the pasuk in Bereishis 2:7 does use the word ‘ytzirah” when it speak about how Hashem formed man from dust.
Also many of us are familair with the Midrash (Rashi brings them in perek beis) that speaks about how hashem took dust from the four corners of the world and dirt from under the mizbe’ach when He created man. If man is just an evolutionary step on the ladder of primates this would mean that this Midrash applies to monkeys too.
I think that it is more likely that Hashem uses similar templates for certain creatures according to their needs. Because this would require belief in Hashem science chose to believe that these templates are the result of evolution.