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I looked into this a little more:
The minhag seems to go back to the Maharil. I doubt that someone in the business of bashing the Mogein Avraham would have any reservations about bashing rishonim as well, but just to clarify that this does in fact go back to the rishonim.
The concept of the shiva mazelos and Friday night specifically is meforish in the Gemara in Shabbos on daf 129b in a discussion about bloodletting. Square_Root, I would recommend you retract what you said about believing in mazalos because it is just flat out denying Torah sh’beksav.
As I said it a post that didn’t go through, there are some who keep this minhag and avoid getting home on Friday between 6-7 so that they don’t have to worry about what the S”A says about getting to kiddush as soon as you get home. This is honestly an extra precaution. The Mishnah Berurah (and I don’t think anyone argues) is clear that if you get home before tzeis, you can postpone kiddush until after tzeis. Between the option of taking in Shabbos early and the option of postponing until after tzeis, you could probably avoid the 7th hour without ever overtly avoiding it. Still, I think this would be an extra precaution because there’s clearly nothing wrong with overtly avoiding it when there’s an ancient minhag to do so.
The deah harishona that the Piskei Teshuvos brings for calculating the hour goes by the day of the year when night and day are equal, the tekufas Nissan. Whatever time chatzos is on that day is used year-round. The second shittah is that of the S”A HaRav which adds 6 fixed hours to chatzos hayom. I guess the “average noon” thing is an interpretation within the second shittah? Otherwise, I would have thought it meant to change every week while the tekufas Nissan shittah would stay fixed.
Ubiq: I assume the website you referenced is showing average noon. I wonder if there’s one for tekufas Nissan noon? Also, is there any chance by some astronomical phenomenon that these two “noons” would end up being the same?