Kj, the Crusader massacres, the Arab pogroms in Spain, the Black Death slaughters, the Cossack mass killings of the 1600’s, the Czar’s repeated pogroms all took place prior to Zionism. In fact, it was the Dreyfus trial and its demonstration of rampant French antisemitism that prompted Herzl to found Zionism.Jewry in Eastern Europe in the 20’s and 30’s was unfortunately catching up to Western Europe and the USA on the path toward assimilation.
