Soleik, you sound just like R’ Noach Weinberg, z”l, of Aish HaTorah. Most of your arguments would come straight out of one of his lectures. You seriously have the innate ability to do great things in kiruv. If you had taken a few courses in it, you would have known where to go with this discussion.
I once heard him say about a conversation he was having with a confirmed atheist something like this:
R’ Noach: So do you have any sons in the army?
Atheist: Yes.
R’ Noach: Where is he stationed?
Atheist: In the North at the border with Lebanon (this was about 20 years ago).
R’ Noach: I want you to pray to G-d (whom you don’t believe exists) with all your strength that you want your son to step on a landmine and be blown to smithereens.
Atheist: That’s impossible. I can’t do that.
R’ Noach: Why not? You don’t believe that G-d exists, do your words are just going to nothing.
Of course the atheist had nothing to answer and had to reconsider his whole position of being an atheist.
So if you don’t already have a great job/career or aren’t sitting learning in a yeshiva/kollel 3 sedarim a day, then I would seriously recommend you for a kiruv job.